No1-2(5) 2022
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DOI 10.37219/2528-8253-2022-1-21 |
Melnikov OF, Zabolotnyi DI, Rylska OG, Timchenko MD, Zayets TA,
Timchenko SV, Sidorenko TV
Changes in the organism of patients with chronic inflammatory diseases of
the upper
respiratory tract at different periods after administration of influenza
vaccine.
Message 1. Status of congenital immune parameters after a single
anti-influenza vaccination |
Melnikov Oleg F.
State Institution “O.S. Kolomiychenko Institute of Otolaryngology of
National Academy of Medical Science of Ukraine”; Kyiv, Ukraine.
Head of the Laboratory of Pathophysiology and Immunology (with a group of
pathomorphology)
Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor
E-mail: elenamelnykova@gmail.com
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1261-8647
https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=7006385903
https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=7003452154
Zabolotnyi Dmitry I
State Institution “O.S. Kolomiychenko Institute of Otolaryngology of
National Academy of Medical Science of Ukraine”; Kyiv, Ukraine. Director
Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Academician of the National Academy
of Medical Sciences of Ukraine
E-mail: amtc@kndio.kiev.ua
https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=6701512931
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9429-4414
Rylska Oksana G.
State Institution “O.S. Kolomiychenko Institute of Otolaryngology of
National Academy of Medical Science of Ukraine”; Kyiv, Ukraine
Department of Inflammatory Diseases of ENT Organs
Senior Researcher
Email: oxanar@ua.fm
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3990-7454
Timchenko Мarina D.
State Institution “O.S. Kolomiychenko Institute of Otolaryngology of
National Academy of Medical Science of Ukraine”; Kyiv, Ukraine.
Senior Researcher
Laboratory of Pathophysiology and Immunology (with a group of
pathomorphology)
PhD
E-mail: svtim@i.ua
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7889-1152
Zayets Tetiana A.
State Institution “O.S. Kolomiychenko Institute of Otolaryngology of
National Academy of Medical Science of Ukraine”; Kyiv, Ukraine
Laboratory of Pathophysiology and Immunology (with a group of
pathomorphology)
Researcher
E-mail: amtc@kndio.kiev.ua
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4377-4810
Timchenko Sergei V.
State Institution “O.S. Kolomiychenko Institute of Otolaryngology of
National Academy of Medical Science of Ukraine”; Kyiv, Ukraine.
Laboratory of Pathophysiology and Immunology (with a group of
pathomorphology)
Leading Researcher
Candidate of Medical Sciences
E-mail: svtim@i.ua
Sidorenko Tatyana V.
State Institution “O.S. Kolomiychenko Institute of Otolaryngology of
National Academy of Medical Science of Ukraine”; Kyiv, Ukraine
Laboratory of Pathophysiology and Immunology (with a group of
pathomorphology)
Researcher
E-mail: amtc@kndio.kiev.ua
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9100-1767 |
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Abstract
Introduction: Studies of the clinical status, production of
antibodies to hemagglutinins of influenza A and B viruses and the content of
immune complexes in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases (CID) of the
upper respiratory tract (URT) before and within 36 weeks of vaccination
after parenteral vaccination Vaxigrip leads to a short-term (~ 6 months)
increase in anti-influenza hemagglutinin t itres. According to modern ideas
about the mechanisms of antiviral protection, in addition to humoral, mainly
due to antibodies, antiviral protection is largely due to the activation of
innate immune factors, both systemic and local.
Aim: to evaluate in the dynamics of observations the influence of a
single parenteral influenza vaccination on the factors of innate immunity in
patients with chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract.
Material and methods: Among the factors of innate immunity a
significant role is played by interferons, the activity of natural cytolytic
cells (NK) of various histogenesis, phagocytic cells and non-specific
proteins such as defensins, elafins. Therefore, quantitative and functional
characteristics of NK-cells, phagocytic absorption activity of
polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), systemic content of γ-interferon (IFN-γ)
were studied in patients at the systemic level. At the local level, the
concentrations of defensin-β and α-interferon were studied in mucosa
secretes (MS) according to modern ideas about the state of the mechanisms of
innate antiviral immunity.
From the autumn-winter period of 2019 to November 2020, 32 donors (control
group) and 32 patients with CID of both sexes were examined, 11 of whom were
diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis, 9 with chronic tonsillitis, and 12
with chronic pharyngitis. No vaccinations were given 1 year before the
study.
Samples of venous serum and oropharyngeal secretes of all clinically healthy
patients, as well as persons with CID were obtained at the initial
examination. After parenteral vaccination with Vaxigrip (SANOFI PASTEUR,
S.A., France), blood and MS were tested twice more in vaccinated patients:
12 and 36 weeks after vaccination. The obtained samples of experimental
material were stored at a temperature of -20 C◦ until the simultaneous
determination of innate immune factors (interferons), in particular with the
help of reagents from Cytokine, Hema Medica (RF), defensin-β (Hucalt-bio,
the Netherlands). Measurements were performed on a microplate enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay "STAT FAX 2100 (USA).
Statistical processing was performed using the non-parametric criterion "U"
- Mann-Whitney or Fisher's exact method. Differences were considered
statistically significant at p <0.05. The results were given in the form of
arithmetic mean (M), median (Me) and percentiles (P25-P75).
Results: In determining the role of innate immunity factors in
vaccination with influenza vaccine, we conducted clinical and immunological
examination of patients with chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper
respiratory tract, which included systemic determination of γ-interferon,
quantitative and functional activity of natural cytotoxic cells,
phagocytosis activity at the stage of attraction and capture.
Levels of α-interferon and defensin-β in oropharyngeal secretion (MS) were
studied. It was found that before influenza vaccination in patients with
chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract found an
increased content of γ-interferon and decreased phagocytic activity of
polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Decreased α-interferon and defensin-β
concentrations were detected in MS patients before vaccination. After
vaccination,
there were positive changes in the direction of increasing the concentration
of nonspecific local immunity factor – defensing 1β and partly in the
observation period of 3 months after vaccination- α-interferon.
Сonclusion: Among the factors of innate immunity in patients with CІD
at the systemic level, decreased cytolytic activity of NK, increased levels
of γ-interferon and decreased phagocytic function of neutrophils.
Decreased concentration of α-interferon and defensin-1β is determined in the
saliva of patients with CID.
Vaccination of patients with chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper
respiratory tract with influenza vaccine has a positive effect on the state
of innate immune factors of local and systemic level: concentration of
γ-interferon, phagocytic activity of neutrophils and enhancing the
functional activity of natural killer cells, increase in saliva of
defensin-1β. |
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Keywords
Systemic and local factors of innate immunity, influenza vaccination,
inflammatory diseases, upper respiratory tract. |
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